| DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY syllabus |
PRECESSION
Objectives:
Gyroscopes, effect of precession motion on the stability of moving vehicles such as motor car, motor cycle, aero planes and ships, static and dynamic force analysis of planar mechanisms, (Demonstration of models in video show).
FRICTION:
Objectives:
Inclined plane, friction of screw and nuts, pivot and collar, uniform pressure, uniform wear, friction circle and friction axis: lubricated surfaces, boundary friction, film lubrication. CLUTCHES: Friction clutches- single disc or plate clutch, multiple disc clutch, cone clutch, centrifugal clutch. BRAKES AND DYNAMOMETERS: Simple block brakes, internal expanding brake, band brake of vehicle. General description and operation of dynamometers: Prony, Rope brake, Epicyclic, Bevis Gibson and belt transmission,
TURNING MOMENT DIAGRAMS:
Objectives:
Dynamic force analysis of slider crank mechanism, inertia torque, angular velocity and acceleration of connecting rod, crank effort and turning moment diagrams – fluctuation of energy – fly wheels and their design.
GOVERNERS:
Objectives:
Watt, porter and proell governors, spring loaded governors – Hartnell and Hartung with auxiliary springs. sensitiveness, isochronism and hunting.
BALANCING:
Objectives:
Balancing of rotating masses single and multiple – single and different planes, use analytical and graphical methods. Primary, secondary, and higher balancing of reciprocating masses. analytical and graphical methods, unbalanced forces and couples – examination of “V” multi cylinder in line and radial engines for primary and secondary balancing, locomotive balancing, hammer blow, swaying couple, variation of tractive effort.
VIBRATIONS:
Objectives:
Free Vibration of spring mass system –Natural frequency-types of damping – damped free vibration, Simple problems on forced damped vibration, vibration isolation and transmissibility transverse loads, vibrations of beams with concentrated and distributed loads. Dunkerly’s methods, Raleigh’s method, whirling of shafts, critical speeds, torsional vibrations, two and three rotor systems.
| METAL CUTTING & MACHINE TOOLS |
FUNDAMENTAL OF MACHINING:
Elementary treatment of metal cutting theory – element of cutting process – geometry of single point cutting tool,
tool angles, chip formation and types of chips – built up edge and its effects, chip breakers, mechanics of
orthogonal cutting –Merchant’s force diagram, cutting forces, cutting speeds, feed, depth of cut, tool life, tool
wear, machinability, economics of machining, coolants, tool materials and properties.
LATHE MACHINES:
Engine lathe – principle of working, specification of lathe – types of lathe – work holders tool holders – box tools
taper turning, thread turning – for lathes and attachments, constructional features of speed gear box and feed gear
box. Turret and capstan lathes – collet chucks – other work holders – tool holding devices – box and tool layout.
Principal features of automatic lathes – classification – single spindle and multi-spindle automatic lathes – tool
layout and cam design for automats.
SHAPING, SLOTTING AND PLANNING MACHINES:
Principles of working – principal parts –
specifications, operations performed, machining time calculations.
DRILLING & BORING MACHINES: Principles of working, specifications, types, operations performed –
tool holding devices – twist drill – Boring Machines – fine Boring Machines – jig boring machine, deep hole
Drilling Machine.
MILLING MACHINES: Principles of working – specifications – classification of Milling Machines – principal
features of horizontal, vertical and universal Milling Machine, machining operations, types of cutters, geometry
of milling cutters – methods of indexing, accessories to milling machines.
FINISHING PROCESSES:
Theory of grinding – classification of grinding machines, cylindrical and surface
grinding machines, tool and cutter grinding machines, different types of abrasives, bonds, specification and
selection of a grinding wheel. Lapping, Honing & Broaching operations, comparison to grinding.
JIGS & FIXTURES:
Principles of design of jigs and fixtures and uses, classification of jigs & fixtures,
principles of location and clamping, types of clamping & work holding devices, typical examples of jigs and
fixtures.
CNC MACHINE TOOLS:
CNC Machines, working principle, classification, constructional features of CNC
machines, CNC controller, types of motion controls in CNC machines, applications of CNC machines.
| DESIGN OF MACHINE MEMBERS– II |
BEARINGS:
Classification of bearings- applications, types of journal bearings – lubrication – bearing modulus –
full and partial bearings – clearance ratio – heat dissipation of bearings, bearing materials – journal bearing
design – ball and roller bearings – static loading of ball & roller bearings, bearing life.
ENGINE PARTS:
Connecting Rod: Thrust in connecting rod – stress due to whipping action on connecting rod ends – cranks and crank shafts, strength and proportions of over hung and center cranks – crank pins, crank
shafts.
Pistons, forces acting on piston – construction design and proportions of piston, cylinder, cylinder liners,
Design of curved beams:
introduction, stresses in curved beams, expression for radius of neutral axis for
rectangular, circular, trapezoidal and t-section, design of crane hooks, c –clamps.
POWER TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEMS, PULLEYS:
Transmission of power by belt and rope drives
transmission efficiencies, belts – flat and v types – ropes - pulleys for belt and rope drives, materials, chain drives
DESIGN OF POWER SCREWS: Design of screw, square ACME, buttress screws, design of nut, compound
screw, differential screw, ball screw- possible failures.
SPUR & HELICAL GEAR DRIVES:
Spur gears- helical gears – load concentration factor – dynamic load
factor, surface compressive strength – bending strength – design analysis of spur gears – estimation of centre
distance, module and face width, check for plastic deformation, check for dynamic and wear considerations.
MACHINE TOOL ELEMENTS:
Levers and brackets: design of levers – hand levers-foot lever – cranked lever
– lever of a lever loaded safety valve- rocker arm straight – angular- design of a crank pin – brackets- hangers-
wall boxes.
Wire Ropes: Construction, Designation, Stresses in wire ropes, rope sheaves and drums.
Development – definition– characteristics and phases – types of operation research models – applications.
ALLOCATION:
Linear programming problem formulation – graphical solution – simplex method – artificial
variables techniques -two–phase method, big-M method – duality principle.
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM:
Formulation – optimal solution, unbalanced transportation problem –
degeneracy, assignment problem – formulation – optimal solution - variants of assignment problem- traveling
salesman problem.
SEQUENCING – Introduction – flow –shop sequencing – n jobs through two machines – n jobs through three
machines – job shop sequencing – two jobs through ‘m’ machines.
REPLACEMENT:
Introduction – replacement of items that deteriorate with time – when money value is not
counted and counted – replacement of items that fail completely, group replacement.
THEORY OF GAMES:
Introduction – mini. max (max. mini) – criterion and optimal strategy – solution of
games with saddle points – rectangular games without saddle points – 2 x 2 games – dominance principle – m x 2
& 2 x n games -graphical method.
WAITING LINES:
Introduction – single channel – poison arrivals – exponential service times – with infinite
population and finite population models– multichannel – poison arrivals – exponential service times with infinite
population single channel poison arrivals.
INVENTORY :
Introduction – single item – deterministic models – purchase inventory models with one price
break and multiple price breaks – shortages are not allowed – stochastic models – demand may be discrete
variable or continuous variable – instantaneous production. Instantaneous demand and continuous demand and no
set up cost. ABC & VED Analysis.
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING:
Introduction – Bellman’s principle of optimality – applications of dynamic
programming- capital budgeting problem – shortest path problem – linear programming problem.
SIMULATION:
Definition – types of simulation models – phases of simulation– applications of simulation –
inventory and queuing problems – advantages and disadvantages – simulation languages.
UNIT – I
BASIC CONCEPTS:
Rankine cycle - schematic layout, thermodynamic analysis, concept of mean temperature
of heat addition, methods to improve cycle performance – regeneration & reheating. combustion:
fuels and
combustion, concepts of heat of reaction, adiabatic flame temperature, Stoichiometry, flue gas analysis.
UNIT II
BOILERS :
Classification – working principles of L.P & H.P boilers with sketches – mountings and accessories
– working principles, boiler horse power, equivalent evaporation, efficiency and heat balance – draught,
classification – height of chimney for given draught and discharge, condition for maximum discharge, efficiency
of chimney – artificial draught, induced and forced.
UNIT – III
STEAM NOZZLES:
Function of a nozzle – applications - types, flow through nozzles, thermodynamic analysis
– assumptions -velocity of fluid at nozzle exit-Ideal and actual expansion in a nozzle, velocity coefficient,
condition for maximum discharge, critical pressure ratio, criteria to decide nozzle shape: Super saturated flow, its
effects, degree of super saturation and degree of under cooling - Wilson line.
STEAM TURBINES:
Classification – impulse turbine; mechanical details – velocity diagram – effect of friction
– power developed, axial thrust, blade or diagram efficiency – condition for maximum efficiency. De-laval
turbine - methods to reduce rotor speed-velocity compounding, pressure compounding and velocity & pressure
compounding, velocity and pressure variation along the flow – combined velocity diagram for a velocity
compounded impulse turbine, condition for maximum efficiency
UNIT IV
REACTION TURBINE:
Mechanical details – principle of operation, thermodynamic analysis of a stage, degree
of reaction –velocity diagram – Parson’s reaction turbine – condition for maximum efficiency – calculation of
blade height.
STEAM CONDENSERS:
Requirements of steam condensing plant – classification of condensers – working
principle of different types – vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency – air leakage, sources and its affects, air
pump- cooling water requirement.
UNIT – V
GAS TURBINES:
Simple gas turbine plant – ideal cycle, essential components – parameters of performance –
actual cycle – regeneration, inter cooling and reheating –closed and semi-closed cycles – merits and demerits,
types of combustion chambers.
UNIT – VI
JET PROPULSION :
Principle of operation –classification of jet propulsive engines – working principles with
schematic diagrams and representation on t-s diagram - thrust, thrust power and propulsion efficiency – turbo jet
engines – needs and demands met by turbo jet – schematic diagram, thermodynamic cycle, performance
evaluation, thrust augmentation – methods.
Rockets : Application – working principle – classification – propellant type – thrust, propulsive efficiency –
specific impulse – solid and liquid propellant rocket engines.
UNIT I:
Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
UNIT II:
Introduction to Copyrights – Principles of Copyright Protection
– Law Relating to Copyrights - Subject Matters
of Copyright – Copyright Ownership – Transfer and Duration – Right to Prepare Derivative Works –Rights of
Distribution – Rights of Performers – Copyright Registration – Limitations – Infringement of Copyright – Relief
and Remedy – Case Law - Semiconductor Chip Protection Act.
UNIT III:
Patents
Introduction to Patents - Laws Relating to Patents in India – Patent Requirements – Product Patent and Process
Patent - Patent Search - Patent Registration and Granting of Patent - Exclusive Rights – Limitations - Ownership
and Transfer –– Revocation of Patent – Patent Appellate Board - Infringement of Patent – Compulsory Licensing
–– Patent Cooperation Treaty – New developments in Patents – Software Protection and Computer related
Innovations.
UNIT IV:
Trademarks
Introduction to Trademarks – Laws Relating to Trademarks – Functions of Trademark – Distinction between
Trademark and Property Mark – Marks Covered under Trademark Law - Trade Mark Registration – Trade Mark
Maintenance – Transfer of rights - Deceptive Similarities - Likelihood of Confusion - Dilution of Ownership –
Trademarks Claims and Infringement – Remedies – Passing Off Action.
UNIT V:
Trade Secrets
Introduction to Trade Secrets – General Principles - Laws Relating to Trade Secrets - Maintaining Trade Secret –
Physical Security – Employee Access Limitation – Employee Confidentiality Agreements – Breach of Contract –
Law of Unfair Competition – Trade Secret Litigation – Applying State Law.
UNIT VI:
Cyber Law and Cyber Crime
Introduction to Cyber Law – Information Technology Act 2000 - Protection of Online and Computer
Transactions - E-commerce - Data Security – Authentication and Confidentiality - Privacy - Digital Signatures –
Certifying Authorities - Cyber Crimes - Prevention and Punishment – Liability of Network Providers.
• Relevant Cases Shall be dealt where ever necessary.